diff --git a/src/audio.rs b/src/audio.rs
index f7362a8..7867020 100644
--- a/src/audio.rs
+++ b/src/audio.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+/*
+First order low-pass filter equation: H(s)=1/(τs+1). H(s) is output, 
+
+low pass filter:
+y = (1 - gamma) * y + gamma * x
+
+high pass filter:
+y[i] := gamma * y[i−1] + gamma * (x[i] − x[i−1])
+
+fc = 44100 = sample frequency
+Ts = 1/44100 = sample period
+fc = 14000 = cutoff frequency
+gamma = 1 - (e ^ (-2pi * fc / fs))
+*/
+
+use std::f32::consts::{E, PI};
+
 extern crate sdl2;
 
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
@@ -10,11 +27,62 @@ const SDL_SAMPLE_RATE: i32 = 44_100;
 // devices and then sleeping. So the audio device is set to play 44,100 samples per second, and grab them in 60 intervals over the course of that second.
 const SAMPLES_PER_FRAME: u16 = SDL_SAMPLE_RATE as u16/60;
 
+// struct LowPass {
+//     cutoff_freq: f32,
+//     gamma: f32,
+//     previous_input: f32,
+//     previous_out: f32,
+// }
+
+// struct HighPass {
+//     cutoff_freq: f32,
+//     gamma: f32,
+//     previous_input: f32,
+//     previous_out: f32,
+// }
+
+// impl HighPass {
+//     fn filter(&self, sample: f32) -> f32 
+// }
+
+fn get_gamma(cutoff_freq: f32) -> f32 {
+    1. - (E.powf(-2. * PI * cutoff_freq / (SDL_SAMPLE_RATE as f32)))
+}
+
 pub struct ApuSampler {
     // This buffer receives all of the raw audio produced by the APU.
     // The callback will take what it needs when it needs it and truncate the buffer for smooth audio output.
     buffer: Arc<Mutex<Vec<f32>>>,
     sample_ratio: f32,
+
+    prev_input_90Hz: f32,
+    prev_output_90Hz: f32,
+    gamma_90Hz: f32,
+
+    prev_input_440Hz: f32,
+    prev_output_440Hz: f32,
+    gamma_440Hz: f32,
+
+    prev_input_14kHz: f32,
+    prev_output_14kHz: f32,
+    gamma_14kHz: f32,
+}
+
+impl ApuSampler {
+
+    fn high_pass_90Hz(&self, sample: f32) -> f32 {
+        // y[i] := α × y[i−1] + α × (x[i] − x[i−1])
+        (self.gamma_90Hz * self.prev_output_90Hz) + (sample - self.prev_input_90Hz)
+    }
+
+    fn high_pass_440Hz(&self, sample: f32) -> f32 {
+        (self.gamma_440Hz * self.prev_output_440Hz) + (sample - self.prev_input_440Hz)
+    }
+
+    fn low_pass_14kHz(&self, sample: f32) -> f32 {
+        ((1. - self.gamma_14kHz) * self.prev_output_14kHz) + (self.gamma_14kHz * sample)
+    }
+
 }
 
 impl AudioCallback for ApuSampler {
@@ -28,7 +96,24 @@ impl AudioCallback for ApuSampler {
             for (i, x) in out.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                 let sample_idx = ((i as f32) * self.sample_ratio) as usize;
                 if sample_idx < b.len() {
-                    *x = b[sample_idx];
+                    let sample = b[sample_idx];
+
+                    let filtered_90Hz = self.high_pass_90Hz(sample);
+                    self.prev_input_90Hz = sample;
+                    self.prev_output_90Hz = filtered_90Hz;
+                    // *x = filtered_90Hz;
+
+                    let filtered_440Hz = self.high_pass_440Hz(filtered_90Hz);
+                    self.prev_input_440Hz = filtered_90Hz;
+                    self.prev_output_440Hz = filtered_440Hz;
+                    // *x = filtered_440Hz;
+
+                    let filtered_14kHz = self.low_pass_14kHz(filtered_440Hz);
+                    self.prev_input_14kHz = filtered_440Hz;
+                    self.prev_output_14kHz = filtered_14kHz;
+                    *x = filtered_14kHz;
+
+                    // *x = sample;
                 }
             }
             let l = b.len();
@@ -53,6 +138,30 @@ pub fn initialize(sdl_context: &Sdl, buffer: Arc<Mutex<Vec<f32>>>)
     };
     audio_subsystem.open_playback(None, &desired_spec, |_spec| {
         // println!("{:?}", _spec);
-        ApuSampler{buffer, sample_ratio: APU_SAMPLE_RATE / (SDL_SAMPLE_RATE as f32)}
+        ApuSampler{
+            buffer,
+            sample_ratio: APU_SAMPLE_RATE / (SDL_SAMPLE_RATE as f32),
+
+            prev_input_90Hz: 0.,
+            prev_output_90Hz: 0.,
+            gamma_90Hz: 1.-get_gamma(90.),
+            prev_input_440Hz: 0.,
+            prev_output_440Hz: 0.,
+            gamma_440Hz: 1.-get_gamma(440.),
+            prev_input_14kHz: 0.,
+            prev_output_14kHz: 0.,
+            gamma_14kHz: get_gamma(14_000.),
+        }
     })
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::get_gamma;
+    #[test]
+    fn show_gamma_values() {
+        for i in [0, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000].iter() {
+            println!("gamma for cutoff frequency {}: {}", i, get_gamma(*i as f32));
+        }
+    }
+}