This is a big-ish patch, but it's very straightforward. Under this
clang warning, we're not actually allowed to have a global variable
without a previous extern declaration for it. The cases where we
violated this rule fall into three roughly equal groups:
* Stuff that should have been static.
* Stuff that was global but where the extern was local to some
other C file.
* Stuff that was only global when built for the unit tests, that
needed a conditional extern in the headers.
The first two were IMO genuine problems; the last is a wart of how
we build tests.
The rationale for treating these files differently is that we should
be checking upstream for changes as applicable, and merging changes
upstream as warranted.
Nick Mathewson